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HF Manual

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HF Manual: "Understanding Installing and Operating HF Marine Transceivers"


This 57 Page Manual Includes the following Sections:


  • The Electromagnetic Frequency Spectrum

  • Ionospheric Propagation

  • Noise in Radio Communication Systems

  • Basic HF Radio Theory

  • HF Transceiver Equipment Choices

  • Radio Licensing

  • Emergency Communiations

  • HF Marine Antennas

  • Grounding HF Marine Transceivers

  • Troubleshooting

    • Product Description

    Table of Contents:


    Section A: - The Electromagnetic Frequency Spectrum.


  • Figure 1:  International Electromagnetic Frequency Spectrum.

  • Figure 2:  International Electromagnetic Frequency Spectrum abbreviations.

  • 0 Hertz (DC)

  • Very Low Frequency Range (VLF)

  • Low Frequency Range (LF)

  • Medium Frequency Range (MF)

  • High Frequency Range (HF)

  • Very High Frequency Band (VHF)

  • Very High Frequency Band (VHF)

  • Very High Frequency/Ultra High Frequency (VHF/UHF) Signals

    • Section B:  Ionospheric Propagation


  • Overview

  • Figure 3:  Single frequency signal propagation

  • Sky Waves

  • The Ionosphere

  • Figure 4:  Ionospheric Propagation example

  • Figure 5:  Layers of the ionosphere

  • The Eleven Year Sunspot Cycle

  • Figure 6:  The Eleven Year Sunspot Cycle

  • Solar Flares

  • Maximum Useable Frequency (MUF)

  • Figure 7:  Maximum Useable Frequency

  • Summation

  • ICEPAC Propagation Program

    • Section C:  Noise in Radio Communication Systems


  • Overview

  • Thermal Noise

  • Intermodulation Noise

  • Figure 8:  Heterodyning

  • Simple HF Receiver

  • Heterodyning Process

  • Receiver Pass Band

  • Demodulator

  • HF Receiver Considerations

  • Noise vs Bandwidth

  • AM Information Content

  • Audio Bandwidth

  • Communications Quality Circuit

  • S/N (Signal to Noise Ratio)

  • Digital Communication

  • Weather Fax

  • Figure 9:  Signal to Noise Ratio Example

  • Noise Elimination?

  • Figure 10:  Front View of BHI Noise Cancelling Speaker

  • Figure 11:  Rear View of BHI Noise Cancelling Speaker 

  • How do they work?

    • Section D:  Basic HF Radio Theory


  • Amplitude Modulation (AM)

  • Figure 12:  Low Fidelity AM Signal

  • HF SSB Radio Design Concepts

  • Upper and Lower Sidebands

  • Carrier

  • Single Sideband Signal

  • Figure 13:  Practical representation of a Single Sideband signal

  • SSB Transmitter Efficiency

  • A Little History

  • Summation

    • Section E:  HF Transceiver Equipment Choices


  • Transceiver Evolution

  • Where Do We Start?

  • Commercial Marine or Ham HF Transceiver?

  • Which Manufacturer?

  • Commercial Marine HF Transceivers

  • Positive Considerations

  • Negative Considerations

  • Pricing

  • GPS Interface

  • Text E-Mail

  • Icom Commercial Marine HF Transceivers

  • Icom M700pro and M710 HF Marine Transceivers

  • Figure 14:  Icom M710 Commercial HF Marine Transceiver

  • Figure 15:  Icom M700pro HF SSB Transceiver

  • Icom M802 HF SSB Transceiver

  • Figure 16:  Icom ICM802 HF SSB Marine Transceiver

  • Ham HF Transceivers

  • Positive Characteristics

  • Negative Characteristics

  • Pricing

  • GPS Interface

  • Text E-Mail

  • Ham VHF/UHF Frequency Coverage

  • Repeater Access

  • Linked Repeaters

  • Internet Access

  • Icom Mobile HF Ham Transceivers

  • Icom 706MKIIG HF SSB Ham Transceiver

  • Figure 17:  Icom IC706MKIIG Ham HF SSB Transceiver

  • Icom IC7000 Ham HF SSB Transceiver

  • Figure 18:  Icom IC7000 Ham HF SSB Transceiver

  • Ham and Marine VHF Operation

  • Figure 19:  VHF Antenna switch  22

    • Section F:  Radio Licensing


  • Commercial Marine Regulations

  • Canadian Regulations

  • Commercial Marine Frequencies

  • Ham Regulations

  • Radio Licensing

  • Ham Exam Study Philosophy

  • Technical Proficiency

  • Operational Focus

  • Industry Canada Ham Exam Information

  • Ham Exam Questions

  • Ham Regulations

    • Section G:  Emergency Communications


  • Marine HF Transceivers

  • GMDSS (Global Maritime Distress and Safety System)

  • DSC (Digital Selective Calling)

  • MMSI (Maritime Mobile Service Identity) Number

  • Emergency Transmit

  • GPS (Global Positioning System) Interface

  • VHF Marine Transceivers

  • EPIRB’s (Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon)

  • AIS (Automatic Identification System)

  • System Overview

  • AIS Equipment

    • Section H:  HF Marine Antennas


  • Overview

  • Perfect HF Antenna Installation

  • Vertical Whip Antenna

  • Figure 20:  Insulated Backstay HF Antenna

  • Figure 21:  HF Vertical Antenna

  • Radiation Angle

  • Antenna Radiation Direction

  • Power Vessel Antennas

  • Sailing Vessel Antennas

  • Antenna Location

  • Backstay configuration

  • “$25 Special” HF Antenna

  • Figure 22:  Home Fabricated “$25 Special” HF Long Wire Antenna

  • DSC (Digital Selective Calling) Antennas

  • HF Long Wire Antenna Design

  • Design Objectives

  • Impedance (Z)

  • Impedance Match

    • Section I:  Grounding HF Marine Transceivers


  • Vessel RF Grounding Systems

  • Antenna Connection

  • Figure 24:  Vessel RF Grounding System Examples

  • RF Grounding

  • Ground Definition

  • Figure 25:  DC Ground Isolation Unit

  • Counterpoise Definition

  • Summation

    • Section J:  Troubleshooting


  • Troubleshooting Approach

  • Example Problem

  • Figure 26:  System troubleshooting diagram

  • System Block Diagram

  • Basic Test Equipment

  • DMM (Digital Multi-meter)

  • Figure 27:  Lower Priced Fluke DMM 

  • Other Suggested Test Equipment

  • SWR (Standing Wave Reflection) Meter

  • Figure 28:  Inexpensive SWR meter and Wattmeter

  • Dummy Load

  • Figure 29:  100 Watt Dummy Load

  • Using Built In Test Equipment

  • Voltage/Current Test

  • Basic Receiver Test

  • Automatic Tuner Test

  • Forward Power Test

  • Reflected Power Test

  • Antenna Test

  • Testing the Antenna

  • Visual Testing

  • Using the DMM

  • Test Results

  • Voltage/Current Test Failure

  • Testing Fuses

  • Testing the System Using Specialized Test Equipment

  • Transmitter Test Using the SWR Meter and Dummy Load

  • Figure 30:  RG 58 Coax Test Cable

  • Figure 31:  Transmitter Power/SWR Test Setup

  • Testing the Coax Transmission Line

  • Figure 32:  Coax Cable Test Setup

  • Testing the Tuner

  • Figure 33:  Troubleshooting the Tuner

  • Troubleshooting the Tuner Cable

  • Figure 34:  Tuner Cable Test Setup

  • Further Tuner Tests

  • Tuner Power Feed

  • Signal Contact Report

  • Maximum Antenna Radiation Direction

  • Ham Nets

  • Great Northern Boaters Net

  • Signal Report Considerations

  • Commercial HF Marine Operation

  • EMI (Electromagnetic Interference)

  • RFI (Radio Frequency Interference)

  • Sensor Alarm Issues

  • Figure 35:  RF Snap-on Chokes for RFI Suppression

    • Glossary  

     

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